Espa–ol AP

1.    Infinitive                                                  to sing

cantar

 

2.    Gerund                                                     singing

cantando                                       

3.    Past participle                                           sung

cantado

 

Indicative Forms

 

1.    Present                                                     I sing

Yo canto

 

2.    Present progressive                                    I am singing

Yo estoy cantando

 

3.    Present perfect                                          I have sung

Yo he cantado

 

4.    Preterit                                                     I sang

Yo cantˇ

 

5.    Imperfect                                                 I used to sing/I was singing

Yo cantaba

 

6.    Pluperfect                                                 I used to have sung

Yo hab’a cantado

 

7.    Future                                                      I will sing                     

Yo cantarˇ

 

8.    Future progressive                                     I will be singing

Yo estarˇ cantando

 

9.    Future perfect                                           I will have sung

Yo habrˇ cantado

 

10.Conditional                                               I would sing                 

Yo cantar’a        

 

11.Conditional perfect                                    I would have sung

Yo habr’a cantado

Command Forms:

                                                                        sing!

1.  informal                                                       ĮCanta!

2. formal                                                           ĮCante!

 

Subjunctive Forms:

 

1.    Present                                                     that I sing

                                                                        que yo cante

 

2.    Present progressive                                    that I be singing                                                                                     que yo estˇ cantando

 

3.    Present perfect                                          that I have sung

                                                                        que yo haya cantado

 

4.    Past (imperfect)                                        that I used to sing

                                                                        que yo cantara/cantase

 

5.    Pluperfect                                                 that I would have sung

                                                                        que yo hubiera/hubiese cantado                                

Conditions – ŅIFÓ CLAUSES  - Remember the patterns:

ŅIfÓ Clause                                                       Result Clause

 

1. present indicative                                          present indicative

 

Si tengo dinero,                                                 voy a Espa–a.

 

2. present indicative                                          future indicative

 

Si tengo dinero,                                                 irˇ a Espa–a.

 

3. imperfect subjunctive                                   conditional indicative

 

Si tuviera dinero,                                               ir’a a Espa–a.

 

4. pluperfect subjunctive                                  conditional perfect indicative

 

Si hubiera tenido dinero,                                             habr’a ido a Espa–a.